ABO Advance Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What is commonly done during a refraction test?
• At which reference point should a bifocal be fitted for a first-time wearer?
• If a patient is accommodating during a refraction, it may result in a prescription with too much _________ power.
• What condition results from the loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens, making near vision difficult?
• What is the approximate speed of light in air?
• What term describes an isolated area of lost vision or reduced sensitivity in the visual field?
• Which type of lens is known to be the most impact resistant?
• What fills the anterior chamber of the eye?
• What optical phenomena do the terms "pincushion" and "barrel" describe?
• What is the primary purpose of using a Jackson cross cylinder in refraction?
• What type of bridge on a synthetic frame helps distribute weight equally on both sides of the bridge?
• Which layer of the cornea is considered the outermost?
• Which condition is typically monitored for sudden changes in adult patients' prescriptions?
• Which type of PD measurement is taken for fitting a progressive lens?
• The phenomenon where different wavelengths in white light come into focus at different points is known as?
• What is the visual consequence of amblyopia?
• How far from the lens center are the engraved markings on a progressive lens typically located?
• What is the name of the distortion affecting image shape when wearing high plus lenses?
• Why would an ECP perform a test using the tonometer?
• Which type of aberration affects image shape when wearing high minus lenses?
• Which of the following is NOT a disease or condition related to UV exposure?
• What is the average size of the orbital margin in adults?
• What is the general term for the phenomena associated with wave patterns in light?
• How do the eyelids help the eye maintain health?
• Which factor is NOT significant in identifying vertical imbalance problems?
• What characteristic is true regarding semi-finished lenses?
• What is the main function of rods in the eye?
• What is termed when white light passes through a prism and is broken down into component colors?
• What benefit do aspheric lenses provide?
• What term describes the state where rays of light converge at two different points of focus?
• Which lens design could potentially eliminate most lower order aberrations in lenses?
• Which method is used to objectively assess refractive error?
• Which situation could lead to a parallax error when taking seg height measurements?
• Using technical terms like slab-off and biocentric grinding when addressing patients will often result in what?
• Why is the retinoscope commonly used in eye examinations?
• What does spherical aberration in a lens cause?
• What are some factors influencing the darkening or lightening of photochromic lenses?
• Each letter on an acuity chart subtends what angle to the eye at a given distance?
• Resultant prism refers to what specific phenomenon in lens prescription?
• What is a common characteristic of photochromic lenses?
• A patient is prescribed a +15.00D sphere with a fitting distance of 13mm, but the wearing distance is 16mm. What is the compensated lens power that will be supplied?
• What is a disadvantage of randomly flattening spherical curves in lens design?
• What is one characteristic of compound myopic astigmatism?
• ANSI standards specify that for Refractive Power above 6.50D, what is the acceptable tolerance?
• Which structure of the eye primarily controls light entry?
• What is the typical application of particles in lenses with a lower index of refraction?
• Which part of the optical system is considered the first refracting medium of the eye?
• Poor optical center height measurements will result in which kind of prisms?
• When performing a refraction test, what is indicated by the patient experiencing blur when the test object is too close?
• How can a plus lens be simplistically described?
• Which term describes a tendency of one eye to deviate upward?
• Which color is known to absorb light effectively?
• Which component of tears is specifically responsible for washing away debris and pathogens from the eye?
• What would be the true power change if a lens with a -2.00D power receives a -1.00D cylinder?
• What is a straightforward description of a minus lens?
• As a rule of thumb, differences in magnification over _____ from eye to eye are usually problematic to the wearer.
• What should be assessed when evaluating for vertical imbalance?
• What is the primary function of the ciliary muscle?
• What condition does astigmatism describe?
• In optics, what is the result of lens aberration?
• Regarding a standard slab-off, which statement is correct?
• What primary attribute does a bitoric lens design offer?
• What is the cylinder axis tolerance for a 0.50D cylinder in prescription eyewear according to ANSI standards?
• What does ED refer to in the context of eyewear measurements?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the precorneal tear film?
• A patient's record shows a prescription of OD +2.50 OS NLP. In their left eye, the patient is _________.
• What term refers to the real measured or sagged curve that exists on the surface of a lens?
• Which refractive body in the eye has the highest index of refraction?
• The condition characterized by hypothyroidism affecting the eyes is known as?
• What is a potential danger of visible glare?
• Which of the following prescriptions is converted to a single vision intermediate prescription?
• According to FDA drop ball specifications, which item is required in the test?
• In optical interference, constructive wavelengths are ________.
• Is certification by the American Board of Opticianry sufficient for practicing as an optician in any state?
• Which chemical property is critical for identifying safety eyewear?
• Which of the following statements about transposition is false?
• If a lens is decentered by 5mm, how much prism is induced with the RX -3.50 -1.00 x090?
• What percentage of the eye's vision is accounted for by higher order aberrations?
• Which property of the cornea makes it the most powerful refracting medium in the eye?
• How much UV is absorbed by a clear crown glass lens?
• Which of the following is a common effect of Cyclopentolate?
• Which of the following statements is false regarding corneal ulcers?
• According to federal law, what is the minimum center thickness required for lenses made for safety eyewear?
• Which area of the retina is capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail?
• What does cycloplegic refraction help to determine?
• Which of the following materials will yield the greatest front surface power when made with the same radius of curvature on the front surface?
• What type of lenses allow a person to see objects up close, typically used by presbyopic patients?
• What ocular disease is characterized by a sustained increase in intraocular pressure?
• After reaching neutrality with a retinoscope, if the examiner moves closer to the patient, they should observe _______ motion in all meridians.
• Which type of lenses do the traditional rules of base curve selection not accurately apply to?
• How many muscles control the iris?
• What is the definition of the index of refraction?
• Which material has an index of refraction of 1.59?
• When configuring lenses for high prescription strengths, what is a key consideration?
• Which of the following is NOT a condition of the retina?
• Placing enough plus power in front of the eye to blur the patient's vision and limit accommodation is known as what?
• Which element is NOT critical when determining vertical imbalance?
• How do you calculate the total power of a lens with a front curve of +8.00D and a back curve of -5.00D, assuming an index of refraction of 1.530?
• When selecting a base curve for an aspheric lens, what is a helpful guideline to follow?
• What is the primary purpose of using aspheric lenses in eyeglasses?
• Which term is NOT associated with an optical concept?
• What term describes the condition where the eyes turn in opposite directions?
• If a patient is prescribed a -12.00D spherical lens and the lens is moved closer to their eyes, what will happen to the effective power?
• Which theory maximizes optics when using spherical curves?
• Which pharmaceutical is known to dilate the pupil for 3-6 hours?
• What happens to a plus power lens when it is moved closer to the eye?
• What is the seg drop when A=65mm, B=56mm, DBL=15mm, and the requested Seg Ht is 25mm?
• Who introduced the first successful plastic photochromic lenses and when?
• How do photochromic lenses respond to sunlight?
• Which lens condition is characterized by the inability of the eye to maintain focus on an object?
• If the computed thickness is greater than what the patient would accept, what should the dispenser do?
• If a lens has a higher index of refraction, what is the likely effect on its thickness?
• What safeguards should businesses implement to protect private information?
• Where in the eye is the fovea located?
• If a prescription has a cylinder value of +1.50, what effect does this have on the lens?
• What is the recommended degree of pantoscopic tilt when fitting a frame for a progressive lens patient?
• If a prism can displace an image one centimeter at a distance of one meter, what is its power?
• In lens prescription terminology, what does 'axis' refer to?
• Irregular astigmatism is commonly caused by which of the following?
• How is acuity relevant to eye health?
• What is one of the primary purposes of the eyelids?
• Which type of astigmatism is indicated by the prescription: -0.25 -0.25 x105?
• The primary purpose of a "corrective curve" lens is to minimize what?
• What is the index of refraction of the cornea?
• What is the condition called when light rays from a distant source focus behind the retina?
• Which of the following is true regarding the vertex distance in optical dispensing?
• What aberration causes a planar object to project as a curved image?
• Which bridge type is similar to a saddle bridge but found on metal frames?
• What is the main purpose of using prisms in optical design?
• What is a characteristic of a plus lens?
• What does a 7.5-degree field of view in a telescope indicate?
• What is the correct method to adjust a lensometer for prism measurement?
• Which component of the tear film is mainly responsible for hydrating the eye?
• What defines ocular hypertension?
• What role does the tear film play in the health of the cornea?
• What is the primary function of the sclera?
• What result does a center ground wide in minus lenses create?
• The telescope design by Galileo is classified as what type, and what are its primary lenses called?
• What is the generally understood wavelength range of visible light?
• What is the condition called when the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other?
• Which part of the eye provides nourishment to the retina?
• What condition can prolonged exposure to UV light cause?
• Which of the following is commonly used as a mydriatic?
• What is NOT an attribute of aspheric lenses?
• What is the approximate reflection percentage of each surface of CR-39 lenses?
• Which remedy should NOT be used if pads dig into the sides of the nose?
• Which material is capable of passing the ANSI Z-87 High Impact Test along with polycarbonate?
• What three components make up the fibrous tunic of the eye?
• What is the power of a prism that can deviate a ray of light by 4cm at a distance of 1M?
• Which muscle of the iris is primarily responsible for constricting the pupil?
• Two methods for orienting the polarized filters into lenses include ________.
• Which eye condition is characterized by a decrease in visual acuity due to clouding of the lens?
• Which of the following components of the tears serves to lubricate the eye?
• The effect of increasing the lens diameter on light gathering ability changes which aspect of light?
• What role does the index of refraction play in lens design?
• Which layer of the cornea contains squamous, wing, and basal cells?
• To check accommodative facility, which of the following tools would you use?
• What test is commonly used to help determine color deficiencies?
• For how long must customer records regarding impact resistance be retained?
• What effect do centers ground wide in plus lenses have on prism?
• What type of light refraction does an achromatic lens achieve?
• What is a refractive error where light rays do not focus at a single point?
• Which visual problem is commonly referred to as nearsightedness?
• What is the duration for which impact resistance records are required to be kept by the FDA?
• What is the seg height typically referred to in optical dispensing?
• Why is it beneficial to use aspheric lenses in dispensing situations?
• When checking the distance power of a progressive lens, which side should face the operator?
• Which statement regarding cataracts is false?
• What does the term "apical bearing" refer to?
• What controls accommodation by changing the shape of the crystalline lens?
• Which of the following statements is correct regarding the field of view for both telescope types?
• What is the key reason that binoculars for sporting events should not have the most magnification possible?
• What is the purpose of the lacrimal glands?
• A comprehensive eye exam is known as what?
• What is the standard index of refraction for a lens measure calibration?
• What is the recommended approach to fitting spectacle lenses?
• In which direction will a prism bend light?
• What term is used to describe "double vision"?
• What do the numbers on a telescope labeled 7x20, 7.5 indicate?
• One meter is equal to how many inches?
• Which aberration is of the greatest concern to a spectacle wearer?
• What are the photosensitive receptors in the retina responsible for sharp visual acuity and color perception called?
• What causes the color changing effect in photochromic lenses?
• What is the term for the light rays passing through the edges of a lens being refracted more than those passing through the center?
• In optics, which term refers to the measure of how much a lens converges or diverges light?
• What is the approximate diopter value often associated with near prismatic imbalance?
• The relationship between a lens's focal length and its curvature is important for understanding what?
• What feature is NOT associated with Trivex lenses?
• What condition is characterized by pigmentary degeneration of the retina?
• How do you calculate the total power of a lens with both spherical and cylindrical components?
• What type of aberration is influenced by the material the lens is made from?
• What is the focal length of a one diopter lens?
• Which condition is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland?
• What is an arcuate stain?
• In optical interference, destructive wavelengths are ________.
• What type of astigmatism is represented by the RX +0.50 -1.00 x035?
• Which nerve carries impulses from the retina to the brain?
• What measurement is equal to twice the longest radius from the geometric center of the lens to the apex of the edge?
• What material is known to be the most impact resistant for eyewear?
• What aspect of lens design can lead to greater visual distortion in high-powered lenses?
• Photochromic lenses were introduced by ______ in ______.
• A refracting telescope primarily uses which of the following types of lenses?
• What are the five layers of the cornea from anterior to posterior?
• Which term refers to Protected Health Information?
• What is the ANSI Z80.1 distance refractive power tolerance for powers above 6.50D?
• True or False: Irregular astigmatism can be caused by corneal dystrophy.
• Which lens type has an index of refraction of 1.498?
• Which glands are responsible for secreting the aqueous layer of the tear film?
• Which of the following describes pseudophakia?
• Based on the provided RX +1.50 +2.00 x045, how much prism is induced when decentered out 8mm?
• When new progressive lenses are delivered, where should the fitting cross be positioned?
• Marginal astigmatism is a concern related to which of the following?
• What key benefit do lipids in the tear film provide?
• What does the term "corneal abrasion" describe?
• Which of the following prism conditions would likely not be noticed by the wearer?
• What is the condition when one eye requires a plus lens while the other requires a minus lens?
• What do rays emanating from a point source of light do?
• Spherical aberration and coma are primarily dependent on which factor?
• What does "apex" refer to in ocular terms?
• In the boxing system, the horizontal measurement of a lens is referred to as the:
• What type of vision issue is twilight myopia related to?
• What is vertex distance?
• What is the radius of curvature for a lens with a power of 4.00D?
• What happens to light as the index of refraction increases?
• What does the frame PD measurement represent?
• What is the base direction of the prism induced when the customer's PD is greater than the finished eyewear PD?
• What type of pharmaceuticals should be avoided in a patient with a narrow angle in the anterior chamber?
• A diverging lens produces what type of image?
• What occurs to the eyes when accommodation is actively engaged?
• In what range does the electromagnetic spectrum contain UV energy?
• What is the compensated vertex measurement for the given RX of -12.00?
• What percentage of humans experience alterations in lens transparency after the age of 65?
• Which condition is typically assessed using tonometry?
• In what year were the first functional telescopes introduced, and by whom?
• Poor pupillary distance measurements can lead to which of the following issues?
• How do you calculate the front curve required for a lens with a specific optical center?
• Which of the following statements about the tear film is correct?
• An Amsler's grid is recommended for daily use by patients with which condition?
• Latent hyperopes and children especially require what type of refraction?
• Which of these is NOT considered an abnormal condition of the crystalline lens?
• What happens to the optical quality when the base curve is flattened too much on an aspheric lens?
• An emmetropic eye is characterized by having adequate what?
• What defines the location of the optic disk?
• The fibrous tunic of the eye includes which of the following components?
• Chromatic aberration primarily affects what aspect of a lens?
• Which type of aberration results in uneven focus across a lens?
• When measuring a patient with a horizontal deviation, the Maddox rod should be positioned so that the line forms a _________.
• A 3.00 prism will deviate a ray of light how far at a distance of 5 meters?
• Which lens characteristic is most affected by the design and curvature of the lens?
• Birefringence is also referred to as what phenomenon that can result in distortion of visual performance?
• Which aberration occurs when a wide beam of light passes obliquely through a lens?
• What is a potential cause of increased intraocular pressure associated with ocular hypertension?
• If the patient reports that the GREEN SIDE is CLEARER during the binocular duochrome test, what should you add to both eyes?
• Which statement about the advantages of telescopes in low vision is incorrect?
• Sagittal value for a minus lens refers to which thickness characteristic?
• Which federal agency has adopted ANSI Z-87 standards for workplace and educational settings?
• What is a major benefit of using a telescope in low vision assessments?
• Which structure continuously produces aqueous fluid?
• What is a common characteristic of materials used for vacuum color coating on lenses?
• Which statement about prism is TRUE?
• What is the role of the cornea in the eye?
• What adjustment should be made if a patient's frame fits too tightly at the temples?
• What term refers to an approximation of lens surface curvature marked on the lens box?
• What is primarily affected in an astigmatic eye?
• Grave's disease is primarily associated with which condition?
• Corrected curve lenses are primarily designed to achieve what?
• What average vertical diameter range is given for the iris?
• A non-verbal determination of refractive error is known as what?
• When viewing an object through a prism, the object is displaced towards its ________.
• What adjustment is made in the prescription to limit distortion for individuals with significant refractive errors?
• The amplitude of accommodation for a 60-year-old patient is approximately how much?
• What anatomical structures serve as the first line of defense for the eyes, causing them to blink when touched?
• What is described as the single curve on the front surface of a lens?
• When looking down, which condition causes the lower eyelid to bulge abnormally?
• What is a disadvantage of the Galilean telescope?
• According to recent findings, what percentage of eyewear in the USA has AR coating?
• Which theory describes light as traveling through space in small bursts of energy?
• What aspect is crucial for bifocals with near vision on the seg line?
• Which of the following lenses typically provides better optical clarity?
• What factor must be considered when using telescopes for individuals with low vision?
• What type of cataract is characterized by a fully developed opacity of the lens with fluid generation?
• At which stage does retinitis pigmentosa start affecting vision the most?
• What is the term for blood vessel growth in the cornea under stress?
• What are ghost images in optical terms?
• If the optical center placement of eyewear is 2mm lower than the customer's line of sight, what type of prism has been induced in a plus power RX?
• What does the term 'frame PD' refer to?
• What is a characteristic of the dilator muscle of the iris?
• What is the condition called when rays of light converge behind the retina?
• What is a congenital enlargement of the cornea called?
• What is the primary function of the ciliary body in the eye?
• What anatomical structure is described as having a quadrangular pear-shaped structure?
• Which set of numbers should be used when reading the base curve of a lens with a lens clock?
• What condition results from damage to Bowman's layer in the eye?
• What type of lens design is most commonly produced today?
• What is the role of the corneal epithelium in tear production?
• What effect does a polarizing filter have on light?
• What is the primary challenge associated with lens design in relation to marginal astigmatism?
• When correcting astigmatism, what type of lens is typically used?
• If the right temple is angled up, what effect does this adjustment have?
• The area in the field of vision without rods or cones is known as what?
• What federal agency oversees the production and approval of food and drug products?
• What condition is represented by the following prescription: OD -1.25 OS -4.25?
• Which condition can result in a presbyopic eye?
• What is the primary function of the precorneal tear film?
• When calibrating a lens clock, what surface should be measured to obtain a zero reading?
• In what unit are base curves typically designated?
• A patient with a best corrected central acuity of 20/200 is classified as:
• Which lens material is most commonly recommended for children's eyewear due to safety?
• Which statement about the disadvantages of telescopes in low vision is incorrect?
• Which cell types are found in the epithelium layer of the cornea?
• Which prescription would correct hyperphoria?
• Which of the following is not a factor when determining magnification?
• What quality of flint glass makes it suitable for optical lens production?
• What happens to the light motion in meridians when the examiner approaches the patient's eye during retinoscopy?
• What are the three layers of the tear film?
• The index of refraction of a transparent material can be determined by:
• Which type of UV ray is known for its highest energy?
• Which material provides the thinnest lens profile for a -15.00 D sphere?
• Which aberration is produced when a narrow beam of light passes obliquely through a lens?
• What element is NOT influenced by the blinking action of the eyelids?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a minus lens?
• What is the refractive index of the cornea?
• What type of glasses often require consideration of vertical imbalance?
• For effective advertising, what is a priority for an optician in a competitive market?
• What describes the refractive index of a material's effect on light bending?
• How should you compute the vertical imbalance given the RX: OD +1.00 OS -0.25 Add +1.00?
• If the RX has OD -3.50 -1.00 x 075, what base curve would you select?
• Should frame adjustments be made prior to measuring the fitting cross height for a progressive lens? True or False?
• What effect does decentering a lens have on induced prism?
• If a patient must lower their head to see clearly in the distance, what does this indicate about the position of the progressive lenses?
• In terms of image orientation, how is a Keplerian telescope different from a Galilean telescope?
• What type of astigmatism is represented by the RX Plano +1.00 x020?
• Pseudomyopia can be relieved with which type of lenses?
• What is normally ground on the lens for a standard slab off?
• What type of vision issue is indicated by the mix of plus and minus lens requirements in both eyes?
• Which refractive error involves the eye's inability to focus at various distances?
• Which lens treatment helps to increase light transmission and reduce reflections?
• What is the index of refraction of Trivex?
• What does a standard refraction typically fail to detect?
• For telescopes, what is one primary characteristic of the reflecting type?
• True or False: The crystalline lens in a newborn is the same size as in an adult.
• What is the main benefit of using impact-resistant materials for lenses?
• Which of the following best describes light?
• What is the lens aberration that causes a shorter focal length for rays near the edge of the lens?
• Which condition is frequently associated with retinal detachment?
• One way to remind employees to maintain patients' confidentiality is to do what?
• What does the term "additional amount of plus power" refer to?
• Centers ground wide in plus lenses will result in _________.
• Which of the following statements is a requirement for clear vision related to the cornea?
• What percentage of UV is absorbed by a clear CR-39 lens?
• What instrument is commonly used to check for lateral and vertical phorias?
• To enhance image quality in telescopes, what is often corrected for?
• What is another term used to refer to the eyelids?
• What layer of the tear film serves as the oily layer?
• Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of TPO (Treatment, Payment, or Health Care Operations)?
• Imbibe technology in lenses refers to what?
• How much slab-off should be ground for the prescription OD +4.00 +1.00x060 and OS +0.50 +3.00x045 with a +2.50 add?
• The minimum necessary standards do not apply to disclosures including which of the following?
• Where is the physiologic blind spot located?
• Which layer of the cornea is known for its regenerative properties?
• What is the index of refraction for a crown glass lens?
• Which of the following can be a result of using mydriatic substances?
• What describes the function of Corning's Sunsensors in lens technology?
• Which lens type inherently possesses UV filtering properties?
• What is critical for ensuring optimal visual performance in lens design?
• What is the condition called that involves hereditary pigmentary degeneration of the retina causing loss of peripheral vision?
• What is the relation of higher magnification telescopes to focal length?
• What transmits impulses from the retina to the brain?
• Which of the following statements regarding prisms is true?
• What term is used to describe metal temples that wrap around the ear?
• In lens design, what phenomenon results from light entering at oblique angles?
• What is the sensitivity range of human eyes to wavelengths of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum?
• What does the aqueous layer of the tear film contain?
• What does aberration mean in optics?
• Which of the following statements accurately describes aspheric lenses?
• What aberration is induced by pantoscopic tilt in eyewear?
• Which type of lenses are designed for focusing on objects 14" to 18" away from the eye?
• What is the tolerance for the refractive power of the cylinder in prescription eyewear for powers above 4.50D according to ANSI standards?
• Which of the following is included in the contents of the bony orbit?
• What is the recommended OC height placement if B measurement is less than the OC height requested?
• In an aspheric lens design, how does the surface curvature behave?
• What characterizes aniseikonia?
• What characteristic does higher index of refraction offer in lens design?
• What percentage of UV light can a typical clear plastic lens block?
• What correction is represented by OD -2.00 and OS -2.50?
• Which part of the eye is primarily responsible for detecting light and dark?
• Which lens treatment is effective in reducing edge thickness for high minus lenses?
• What is the name of the aberration that can induce cylinder power in a spherical lens?
• What is the first step in verifying a prescription with a manual lensometer?
• What is an essential quality that consumers should be able to trust about their optician?
• What aspect does double refraction affect in terms of visual performance?
• What type of cells primarily composes the inner layer of the retina?
• How much UV light is absorbed by a gray #3 crown glass lens?
• Is it appropriate for an eyecare business to use any means of advertising to succeed in a competitive market?
• Which organization develops standards that cover sports-related eyewear products?
• Which prescription type benefits most from using an aspheric design in terms of thickness reduction?
• Which condition is described as anisometropia?
• What is accommodation in the context of vision?
• Sagittal value for a plus lens is characterized by which thickness?
• What does "apical clearance" refer to in lens fitting?
• What happens to light as the density of a material increases?
• According to Prentice's rule, the amount of induced prism is equal to which of the following?
• What part of the eye is primarily nourished by aqueous humor?
• Which element is NOT critical when determining vertical imbalance?
• What should consumers expect regarding the quality of eyecare and eyewear?
• If an optical cross has the following powers: 035= -1.25/125= -2.00, what is the prescription?
• What is the standard power for the intermediate portion of a trifocal lens?
• The quality of today's polycarbonate lenses has improved due to demand for what product?
• What type of prism effect does a standard slab-off create?
• At what point does lens thickness affect lens power?
• What is the ANSI tolerance for variation on a specified base curve?
• Which term refers to a refractive error in which images do not focus properly on the retina?
• What does the prescription OD +1.25 OS -1.25 represent?
• What is the critical meridian of total lens when addressing vertical imbalance?
• In which type of bifocal is the optical center for near vision located in the geometric center of the segment?
• Which prescription would cause the greatest prismatic imbalance at a reading depth of 10mm?
• What condition is known to cause peripheral field loss?
• What does increasing the frequency of light correspond to in terms of energy?
• Toric transposition is used to determine which aspect?
• A patient diagnosed with amblyopia is characterized by which condition?
• What is defined as the measurement from the back surface of the lens to the point of focus of the light rays?
• Why is edge polishing an important treatment for high minus lenses?
• A patient is prescribed a +12.00D sphere with a fitting distance of 13mm. When the eyewear is dispensed at a wearing distance of 8mm, how will the lenses feel to the customer?
• If centers are ground narrow in plus lenses, what type of prism will this result in?
• If a consumer's needs exceed what an optician can provide, what should they be advised to do?
• In terms of vision, what does "Apex" refer to in the context of prisms?
• At approximately how many microns thick is the aqueous layer of the tear film?
• For what reasons might an optician be sued in relation to patient care?
• What does "farsighted" refer to in terms of eye condition?
• In a "plus cylinder" design lens, what is referred to as the base curve?
• When light passes through a lens or prism, it bends towards which part?
• What does aphakia refer to in the context of eye health?
• Which lens generally has a lower index of refraction compared to crown glass?
• What method is recommended to verify the position of the segment before ordering a multifocal lens?
• Which of these factors does NOT affect light behavior through lenses?
• What is the major cause of vertical imbalance?
• What is the primary risk factor for developing Grave's disease?
• When parallel rays of light enter a prism, the light is deviated towards:
• For an RX with centers ground wider than the patient's PD OU +3.00D, what is the expected prismatic effect for the wearer?
• Which invention greatly impacted the advancement of telescope technology?
• How many muscles are responsible for holding the eye in place?
• Where is the optical center for near vision located in executive bifocals?
• Designers of corrected curve lenses primarily focus on which type of aberration?
• Which telescope type is classified as a reflecting telescope?
• Which test can help determine the stability of a patient's accommodation?
• What is the relationship between base curve selection and lens power changes?
• How much UV is absorbed by a tinted CR-39 lens?
• What type of lens aberration is characterized by an inward curvature in strong plus lenses?
• If the customer's pupillary distance is 60 and the finished eyewear pupillary distance is 56, what type of prism is induced?
• What is the term for the eye's ability to focus on objects at varying distances?
• What does OSHA do regarding workplace safety?
• Congenital color defects occur in what percentage of the male population?
• What can elevated eye pressure potentially cause?
• What is a critical rule when splitting prism?
• What is the process called when light changes direction as it passes from one transparent medium to another?
• Which of the following statements about emmetropic eyes is correct?
• Which condition could cause a sudden change in prescription in an adult patient?
• Which part of the eye has the greatest dioptric power?
• What type of frame partially exposes the lenses and holds them in place?
• When checking the near power of a front surface progressive lens, which side should face the operator?
• In the boxing system, the vertical measurement of a lens is known as the:
• A Keplerian telescope is characterized by what specific lens arrangement?
• What is a primary function of Aqueous Tears in the human eye?
• What is the ANSI Z80.1 tolerance for vertical prism measurement?
• How do aspheric lenses affect peripheral vision compared to standard lenses?
• Which of the following statements regarding the Sag lens formula is correct?
• Using the formula F=1/D, what is the focal length for a 6.00D lens?
• What should an optician check if a consumer reports their old glasses give better vision than their new ones with the same prescription?
• When reading, how much more will a patient need to converge with a new RX that has a large increase in plus power?
• What aberration occurs when a lens disperses white light into its component colors?
• What is the prism tolerance for a mounted pair of eyeglasses in the horizontal meridian according to ANSI standards?
• Grinding two separate curves on the front side of a lens is referred to as what?
• What is the result of a significant base down shift in lens orientation?
• What condition is described by the eyelids being turned outward?
• Which factor contributes to the risk of prism-induced symptoms?
• Which function occurs due to the ciliary body?
• A prism diopter measures what in relation to prism at a given distance?
• What is typically the index of refraction for standard plastic lenses?
• On which type of surface will a lens clock provide an inaccurate reading?
• When light passes from a denser to a less dense medium, it will typically do what?
• What visual condition may lead to difficulties in reading or recognizing faces?
• How many tunics make up the structure of the eye?
• In the boxing system, what does the B measurement represent?
• Which optical measurement is critical for designing corrective eyeglasses?
• What does a toric transposition show?
• What must be added to the center thickness to predict lens thickness using the sag formula?
• Which prescription has the greatest power at 90°?
• Where do the two optic nerves converge in the brain?
• Does Medicare cover the cost of spectacles?
• When a patient returns with problems, which question is the least important to ask?
• What is an advantage of the Keplerian telescope?
• Which type of patient would benefit most from AR coating?
• When lens centers are ground wider than the pupil distance, what is the prismatic effect for the wearer?
• What is the name given to raised yellowish tissue on the conjunctiva?
• Which statement is FALSE regarding a pair of binoculars?
• What is the cylinder axis tolerance for cylinder powers between 0.75 and 1.50 diopters according to ANSI Z80.1?
• What is the term for a tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward when the eyes are at rest?
• All of the following are used in subjective testing except:
• Which part of the human eye serves a function similar to that of the lens, focusing mechanism, and film of a camera?
• During the near point convergence test, the point at which the patient reports double vision is known as the _______ point.
• The near point of convergence is reached when the test object:
• When should a change in the base curve of a lens be considered?
• What is one response to watch for during a pupil examination?
• How does lens thickness influence vertical imbalance?
• What defines the apex of a prism?
• Which measurement does not affect the fitting of eyewear?
• What condition involves the gradual loss of transparency of the crystalline lens?
• What does the lipid layer of the tear film primarily prevent?
• What is the minimum finished lens blank size available for an A=55mm, B=56mm, DBL=15mm, ED=56mm, and PD=60mm?
• What is the name of the fold of skin that protects the eye and cornea?
• What is the focal length of a 10D lens?
• What effect does a base down prism have on vision?
• What does amblyopia refer to?
• What happens in a case of ambylopia?
• Which aspect of binocular performance improves with a larger aperture?
• The first practical reflector design telescopes were introduced in which year, and by which inventor?
• Spectacle lens power over what diopter strength requires compensation for vertex distance?
• Should visible PALs lens markings on finished eyewear be removed prior to dispensing to the patient? True or False?
• What is the highest tolerance allowed for a prism according to ANSI standards?
• Which sign indicates an abnormal bulging of the eyelid related to keratoconus?
• As minus power increases, what adjustment should be made to the base curve?
• Ametropia is defined as what type of condition?
• What type of telescope uses a refracting lens as its objective?
• How is visual acuity expressed?
• A prism will bend light towards its _______.
• When calculating the power of thick lenses, which factors are taken into account?
• What is commonly associated with errors in lens design that lead to image inconsistencies?
• The cross cylinder is primarily used to refine which aspect of vision?
• Which is not a part of the first tunic of the eye?
• What is the index of refraction of the crystalline lens?
• What three factors influence the power of a lens?
• What will the lens thickness computation indicate for a sphere powered lens?
• Given frame measurements A=65mm, B=56mm, DBL=15mm, and a customer Distance PD of 60mm, what is the monocular decentration calculated?
• What company is known for introducing CR-39 lenses?
• Which structure is located between the choroid and root of the iris?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the eyelids?
• In poor lighting conditions, which color light is perceived better by the eye?
• Which layer of the cornea comprises 90% of its thickness?
• What type of astigmatism is indicated by the prescription +7.00 -3.00 x120?
• According to the information provided, the crystalline lens is harder as a result of what?
• What is an early symptom of age-related macular degeneration?
• Which of the following factors is critical for assessing prismatic effects in lenses?
• What is the true power of a CR-39 lens with a marked power of +4.00D front curve and -6.00D inside curve?
• Which of the following is not a refractive error?
• The amount of prism used for prism thinning a progressive lens should equal what fraction of the add power?
• What is true about the size of the aperture on a pair of binoculars?
• What occurs when the stroma is damaged?
• Is it true that telescopes with the highest magnification are generally suggested for surgical applications?
• Which of the following is true regarding aberrations in lens design?
• According to ANSI Z-87 High Impact Standard, lenses must withstand the impact of a steel ball traveling at which speed?
• What is the heaviest type of bifocal lens?
• At which reference point should a progressive lens be fitted?
• Which material absorbs the least UV radiation?
• What is the average intraocular pressure (IOP) reading that is considered of concern?
• What is a secondary benefit of eyelid function?
• How much slab-off should be ground for the given RX: OD: +6.00 -2.00 x 060, OS: +0.50 -3.00 x 135?
• A patient may experience photophobia and poor near vision after what procedure?
• The term "minus cylinder" design in lenses refers to what aspect of manufacturing?
• What type of lenses are typically prescribed to counteract pseudomyopia?
• What is the longest horizontal width of boxed eyewear referred to in the boxing system?
• As plus power increases, how should the selection of a base curve generally change?
• Which of the following best describes a cataract?
• A prism will displace the object being viewed towards its _____.
• Which of the following describes a new type of aspheric lens design?
• At the beginning of retinitis pigmentosa, which vision is primarily affected?
• What should be included in the patient care training for opticians?
• What is the prescription for the reading level when the total prism is determined?
• Light behaves as which of the following when traveling through a vacuum?
• What does the term 'refraction' generally refer to in optics?
• In lens context, what does the term substrate refer to?
• What is one advantage of the Galilean telescope?
• Which factor can typically enhance the power of a lens material?
• What is the simplest means of identifying an unknown PALs lens?
• Which type of crown glass bifocal lens minimizes chromatic aberration?
• What type of pupil response involves constriction when viewing near objects?
• Flattening the base curve randomly on a spherically ground lens will most likely result in which of the following?
• Which aberrations are categorized as "narrow beam" aberrations?
• What is the term for a chronic swelling or blockage of a meibomian gland?
• As a rule of thumb, a difference in magnification over what percentage from eye to eye is usually problematic for the wearer?
• What does the prism measurement in a lens indicate?
• What disorder is characterized by a buildup of fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye?
• Which of the following lenses is known for its high impact resistance?
• What characteristic of a lens material affects its ability to bend light?
• Which layer of the tear film is the thickest?
• Is ethical conduct a consideration in the profession of ophthalmic professionals?
• What happens when light hits a lens?
• Which characteristic defines a round segment bifocal lens?
• What term describes the condition in which both eyes have equal refractive power?
• What are vacuum color coatings typically made from?
• What instrument provides information on a patient's refractive status by reflecting light off the retina?
• What is the total base up prism in the lens if it has 2D base up and 5.00 prism D auxiliary prism positioned base down?
• Increasing the diameter of a minus power lens always increases its:
• If a patient sees the red side clearer during a monocular duochrome test, the focal point is:
• For creating high-powered lenses, which material is often chosen for its superior refractive properties?
• What is the main focusing structure of the eye?
• In a cylinder lens, what happens if the strongest meridian does not run exactly through the E.D. meridian?
• What term describes vertical misalignment due to a twisted bridge in eyewear?
• Which of the following agencies governs equal employment rights?
• What is the tolerance for the refractive power of multifocal additions in prescription eyewear above 8.00D?
• Is Descemet's membrane able to regenerate well after injury?
• Two meters equals how many centimeters?
• The smallest diameter blank for lens cutting is determined by what method?
• What type of lens correction is typically used for hyperopia?
• What is the anterior chamber of the eye?
• A scratch resistant coating on CR-39 plastic lenses makes them how many times more resistant to abrasion?
• Assuming an index of refraction of 1.530, what is the back curve if the total power of the lens is -3.50D and the front curve is +4.00D?
• What material are polarized filters made from?
• What part of the retina is located on the visual axis?
• What is the main benefit of a scratch resistant coating for CR-39 lenses?
• What is the condition called when the eye cannot focus at near due to lack of accommodation?
• For a first-time wearer, at which reference point should a trifocal be fitted?
• What is the function of the zonules of Zinn?
• What does NLP stand for in eye examination terminology?
• What is primarily reduced by using black lenses compared to clear lenses?
• If a plus power lens is moved away from the eye, how does it feel?
• If the right temple is angled in, what will this adjustment do?
• What is the index of refraction of a medium where light travels at approximately 109,412 miles per second?
• Where is the optical center of a round segment located?
• What is the term for the distance between the crest of two waves?
• Which characteristic is true for both refracting and reflecting telescopes?
• What happens to the pupil while reading or performing near vision tasks?
• How far away from the Snellen chart must a patient be standing or seated?
• Which type of lens is typically used to correct for positive spherical aberration?
• What is the primary benefit of photochromic lenses?
• What does the term "apex" refer to in regards to prisms?
• What are the three types of UV rays?
• Which tests are commonly used to determine ocular integrity?
• Which type of bridge is not designed for equal weight distribution on a synthetic frame?
• Which lens option is designed specifically for individuals with presbyopia?
• Which tool is specifically used to measure vertex distance?
• What is indicated by the "10/42" specification on binoculars?
• Which type of glass is primarily used for lenses that require high optical quality?
• What is the effect of fogging lenses on a patient during an eye exam?
• For a B measurement of 54mm and an OC height requested of 32mm, where will the OC placement be?
• A plus lens moved downward from the primary position results in a:
• What refractive condition is caused by a damaged cornea, resulting in ray of light coming to many focal points on the retina?
• Centers ground wide in minus lenses will typically result in:
• What is the transparent, colorless mass that fills the eyeball behind the lens?
• Regarding employed personnel, which group does the Office of Civil Rights oversee?
• Why is it critical for an optician to refer consumers when their needs exceed provided services?
• Which theory relates to matching power and curvature of lenses?
• The working lens used in retinoscopy simulates working at what distance?
• According to ANSI standards, what is the tolerance for the refractive power of the sphere in prescription eyewear for powers of 0.00 - 6.50D?
• What condition is evaluated using an Amsler's grid?
• What is the term for loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye?
• What is the composition of Aqueous Tears?
• What is the expected power at axis 60° for the given RX of -1.50 -2.00 x090?
• What is the common name for the tissue that shapes and protects the eye, known as the white of the eye?
• For a patient with esophoria, which direction would their eye move when uncovered?
• Which condition is commonly associated with aging and affects the ability to see close objects?
• What condition could occur if one eye has a refractive error of OD -1.00 and the other has OS -2.25?
• Which condition is characterized by images not focusing properly on the retina?
• What visual condition can develop due to prolonged use of pharmacological agents that dilate the pupils?
• If a patient must move the reading material to the side to see clearly, what does it suggest about the pupillary measurements?
• What is the focal length of a 2D lens when the formula F=1/D is applied?
• When the given prescription is transposed, what does it read?
• Which condition is characterized by the eye being unable to focus on near objects?
• What components make up the basic tear film?
• On a normal frame with 10 to 12 degrees of pantoscopic tilt, where should the optical center be located?
• If two lenses are ground with 2D of base down prism in each lens, how will the patient perceive this?
• Where does fusion occur in the visual process?
• What term is used to describe a difference in pupil size?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a plus lens?
• The crystalline lens exhibits growth throughout life due to what process?
• Which method is most effective for reducing lens thickness?
• Is it true or false that prism is verified at the same location on a progressive addition lens as the distance RX?
• For a patient requiring no prescribed prism, where is the MRP located?
• As a plus lens is moved closer to the eye, it becomes ________.
• What is the common term for amblyopia?
• What is the primary function of rods in relation to vision?
• What will be the result of decentering a plus lens upward?
• Grave's disease may lead to which eye condition?
• Which photoreceptor type enables us to see in dim light?
• For which visual task are polarized lenses not recommended?
• A +4.00D lens decentered 4mm creates how many diopters of induced prism?
• Martins formula is primarily concerned with what aspect of lenses?
• What might be a consequence of achieving good cosmetics in lens design?
• It is generally desirable to maintain ocular side curves within which range?
• What is aqueous humor?
• What does the term 'addition' mean in relation to multifocal lenses?
• True or False: Ciliary body contains ciliary muscle and is crucial for lens accommodation.
• Which condition involves unequal refractive power in the eye?
• What is the most common issue caused by astigmatism?
• What purpose do the layers of the cornea serve?
• What is a disadvantage of the Keplerian telescope?
• When performing the cover/uncover test, if the right eye moves inward when uncovered, the eye may have a _____phoria.
• What effect does a prism have on an image?
• Which aspect of the tear film aids in clear vision?
• What is the average refractive power of the cornea?
• Calculate the dioptric value of a CR-39 lens with a radius of curvature of 0.645m.
• What best describes FT-28 bifocals?
• What phenomenon describes a lens' inability to focus light rays from different colors at the same point?
• When splitting prism, what is always important to keep consistent?
• As the pantoscopic tilt is increased, what should happen to the distance optical center?
• What does achromatic mean in the context of optics?
• What is the term for the space between the back of the iris and the front of the lens that is filled with aqueous fluid?
• What condition occurs when rays of light from a distant source focus in front of the retina?
• What happens to the effective power of a plus lens when it is moved closer to the eye?
• What will the prescription read when converted to a single vision reading prescription?
• What characterizes an aspheric lens?
• Where is the point of most acute vision located?
• Clinically, higher order aberrations have a predictable effect on vision and include all of the following EXCEPT what?
• What is the relationship between lens power and curvature?
• When converting an RX, which of the following adjustments results in minus power prescriptions?
• Which type of UV radiation is primarily responsible for sunburns?
• What does the term 'higher order aberrations' typically refer to?
• Which of the following describes a one-piece bifocal?
• What type of prism is created when forward-mounted lens centers are moved apart?
• A plus lens has the effect of what on light rays?
• If a patient misses two letters on the 20/30 acuity line, how should their acuity be recorded?
• Which of the following best describes the significance of the critical meridian in lens design?
• Which factors can affect lens power?
• Most aberrations are considered off-axis viewing errors when?
• What index of refraction is used for calculating tools (laps) and lens curves?
• Which of the following is not considered one of the six aberrations in optics?
• What happens to light rays as they pass through the edges of a high index lens?
• What is the primary purpose of aqueous humor?
• How much displacement does 2D of △ produce at the distance of 1M?
• Who is most often troubled by vertical imbalance?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aspheric lenses?
• What tool is used to measure the axis of resultant prism once drawn out on paper?
• Which type of lens has the same curvature in all meridians?
• In which medium is the index of refraction lowest?
• What is the thickness of the lipid layer in the tear film approximately?
• An uncut lens must be at least how many mm in diameter to allow the cutting of a 48mm round lens, decentered 4mm in?
• What describes the most popular type of temple design?
• What is the purpose of splitting prescribed prism?
• What type of refractive error results in two points of focus falling behind the retina?
• According to FDA drop ball specifications, what is the approximate weight of the drop ball?